Hunger in Angola free essay sample

Transcendentalism and Romanticism free essay sample

All through time there have been numerous scholarly developments, huge numbers of which become overlooked after some time. Anyway they ought not be overlooked in light of the fact that they have molded American writing into what it is today. Two of the more significant scholarly developments of the late eighteenth century to the mid nineteenth century are introspective philosophy and sentimentalism. Introspective philosophy was an abstract development in the principal half of the nineteenth century. Visionaries were affected by sentimentalism, particularly such parts of self assessment, the festival of independence, and the investigating the wonders of nature and of mankind. As per them, satisfying the quest for information came when one increased a familiarity with excellence and truth, and spoke with nature to discover association with the ? Over-Soul? , a term utilized by Emerson instead of God. At the point when this happened, one was purged of materialistic objectives, and was left with a feeling of confidence and virtue. Pioneers of this development incorporate Ralph Waldo Emerson, Margaret Fuller, Theodore Parker, Bronson Alcott, William Ellery Channing, and Henry David Thoreau. We will compose a custom paper test on Introspective philosophy and Romanticism or on the other hand any comparable theme explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page These individuals were all visionaries. Visionaries can be viewed as an age of knowledgeable individuals who lived in the decades prior to the American Civil War. (Lewis, ? What is Transcendentalism ) Transcendentalists purposely approached making writing, expositions, books, reasoning, verse, and other composing that was obviously not the same as anything from England, France, Germany, or some other European Nation. The idea of introspective philosophy is plainly communicated in the article Nature, by Ralph Waldo Emerson. His article Nature recounts how one can pick up understanding and otherworldly purging just from encountering nature. Emerson recounts how in the forested areas is unending youth and in the forested areas we come back to reason and confidence. These lines show the entire idea of introspective philosophy. In the accompanying lines, Emerson comments: Standing on the exposed ground-my head washed by the happy air and inspired into vast space-all mean egomania evaporates. I become a straightforward eyeball: I am nothing; I see every one of; the flows of the Universal Being course through me; I am part or bundle of God. (Emerson, ? Nature? ) These lines show the visionary elief that immaculateness and information can be acquired from an association with and comprehension of nature. Emerson likewise relates the idea of introspective philosophy to human life in his exposition, Self-Reliance. In this article, Emerson discusses another piece of introspective philosophy, the issue of independence. He considers humanity to be to some degree a quitter and that individuals never express their actual selves. Emerson asserts that people are hesitant to fall flat and regardless of what achievement may come to them, they will never be upbeat, they generally need more. He communicates visionary beliefs by saying that a genuine individual would be a non-conventionalist. Emerson articulates this faith in the accompanying lines: There is a period in each man? s instruction when he shows up at the conviction that jealousy is obliviousness; that impersonation is self destruction; that he should take himself for better, for more terrible, as his segment, no piece of supporting corn can come to him however through his drudge. These words basically summarize the possibility of introspective philosophy, that one must praise the person so as to get himself one with the universe. Another huge commitment to the possibility of introspective philosophy was by the creator Henry David Thoreau. Thoreau lived in a similar home as Emerson. His generally regarded and delighted in work was the story, Walden. In Walden, Thoreau clarifies why he picked the forested areas: I went to the forested areas since I wished to live purposely, to front just the fundamental unavoidable issues facing everyone, and check whether I was unable to realize what it needed to instruct, and not, when I came to bite the dust, find that I had not lived. I didn't wish to live what was not life, living is so dear; nor did I wish to rehearse renunciation, except if it was very fundamental. Thoreau decided to live in segregation since he accepted isolation was the best partner so as to know one? s genuine self. In the article, he felt that humanity was excessively up to speed in material belongings. Thoreau gave introspective philosophy three key thoughts, independence, information on nature, and the removal of material effects. Introspective philosophy was one of the most significant developments of the nineteenth century. This development took into consideration one to comprehend the significance of getting familiar with oneself. On the off chance that an individual could associate their individual soul ith the universe, they could satisfy their potential throughout everyday life. Sentimentalism is a creative and scholarly development that started in the late eighteenth century and focused on forceful feeling, creative mind, opportunity from old style rightness in fine arts, and disobedience to social shows. Sentimentalism likewise is a demeanor or scholarly direction that described numerous works of writing, painting, music, engineering, analysis, and historiography in Western human progress over a period from the late eighteenth to the mid nineteenth century. Sentimentalism can be viewed as a dismissal of the statutes of request, quiet, amicability, equalization, admiration, and late eighteenth century Neoclassicism. (WebMuseum: Romanticism) It was additionally somewhat a response against the Enlightenment and against eighteenth century realism and physical realism. Sentimentalism stressed the individual, the abstract, the silly, the inventive, the individual, the unconstrained, the enthusiastic, the visionary, and the supernatural. Among the trademark perspectives of Romanticism were the accompanying: a developed valuation for the wonders of nature; a general praise of feeling over explanation and of the faculties over keenness; a turning in upon oneself and an increased assessment of human character and its states of mind and mental possibilities; a distraction with the virtuoso, the legend, and the excellent figure by and large, and an attention on his interests and inward battles; another perspective on the craftsman as an especially singular maker, whose innovative soul is a higher priority than exacting adherence to formal guidelines and customary methods; an accentuation upon creative mind as a passage to extraordinary experience and otherworldly truth; a fanatical enthusiasm for people culture, national and ethnic social birthplaces, and the medieval time; and an inclination for the outlandish, the remote, the secretive, the unusual, the mysterious, the gigantic, the infected, and even the sinister. (Web Museum: Romanticism) A portion of the creators of this development incorporate Jean Jacques Rousseau, Johann Wolfgang von Goethe, Johann Gottfried von Herder, and Justus Moser. Rousseau built up the possibility of the individual and advocated the opportunity of the human soul. One of his most well known expressions were ? I felt before I thought?. Goethe, Herder, and Moser cooperated on a gathering of articles entitled Von deutscher Art und Kunst. In this work the creators commended the sentimental soul as showed in German Folk melodies, Gothic design, and the plays of William Shakespeare. Goethe needed to mirror Shakespeare? free-form in hit Gotz von Berlichingen, an authentic show about a sixteenth century burglar night. This play defended rebel against political power. One of the extraordinary powerful archives of sentimentalism was Goethe? s Sorrows of Young Werther. This work acclaims conclusion, even to the degree of legitimizing ending it all because of adoration. These were only a portion of the numerous works that described the beliefs of Romanticism. Without the supernatural and sentimentalism developments American writing would not be what it is today. These developments have formed the way today? s writers approach composing. Likewise these developments have took into account one to extend their brain to new thoughts and better approaches for moving toward life.

Probability and Genetics Essay -- Mathmatics Math Papers

Likelihood and Genetics Likelihood hypothesis is the investigation of the probability of an event of irregular occasions so as to foresee future practices of a framework (2). The standards of likelihood are broadly utilized. In hereditary qualities, for instance, likelihood is utilized to appraise the probability of quality circulation starting with one age then onto the next. In business, insurance agencies utilize the standards of likelihood to decide chance gatherings. Likelihood is firmly identified with measurements since vulnerability consistently exists when factual expectations are being made. A number somewhere in the range of 0 and 1 speaks to the likelihood of a result (1). The likelihood of an inconceivable occasion is 0. Where as the likelihood of something that is sure to happen is 1. The hypothesis of likelihood is perceived as being created by Blaise Pascal with assistance from his companion Pierre de Fermat. Blaise Pascal was conceived at Clermont, France on June 19, in 1623. He was the third offspring of Etienne Pascal, and his lone child. Blaise was just 3 when his mom kicked the bucket (3). In 1631, his family moved to Paris to carry on the training of Blaise, who had just shown extraordinary capacity. Pascal was home instructed, and to guarantee that he was not exhausted, his dad concluded that his examinations would just include the dialects, and ought exclude any arithmetic. At twelve years old, Pascal showed to his coach an enthusiasm for geometry. He was invigorated by the subject, and surrendered his recess and decided to contemplate geometry. In half a month, he found the numerous properties of geometric figures, specifically, that the aggregate of the heavenly attendants of a triangle equals180 degrees. Intrigued by Pascal’s show, his dad gave him a duplicate of Euclid's Elements, which Pascal read and soon mama... ...volve cash. By playing the chances right, somebody could win huge, either at a card table or on Wall Street. Likelihood makes arbitrary occasions look like truly unsurprising ones. Work Cited 1. Campbell, Neil, Jane Reece, Lawerence Mitchell. Science fifth release. Addison Wesley Longman, Inc., 1999 2.Interactive Mathematics Miscellany and Puzzles, Probability. http://www.cut-the-knot.com/probability.html.( 12/5/99) 3. Pascal. http://www-groups.dcs.st-and.ac.uk/~history/Mathematicians/Pascal.html. (12/5/99) 4. A Short History of Probability. From Calculus, Volume II by Tom M. Apostol (second release, John Wiley and Sons, 1969 ) On line: http://www.cc.gatech.edu/classes/cs6751_97_winter/Topics/detail meas/probHist.html. (12/5/99) 5.Wilkins, D. R. Blaise Pascal (1623 †1662) http://www.maths.tcd.ie/bar/HistMath/People/Pascal/RouseBall/RB_Pascal.html. (12/5/99)

Imagery And Symbolism in William Blake’s The Tyger Essay -- William Bl

Symbolism And Symbolism in William Blake’s The Tyger â€Å"Can you provide for the pony mightyness? Would you be able to dress its neck with a stirring mane? Would you be able to make it jump like a locust?†(Job 39:19-20) William Blake’s The Tyger is suggestive of when God interrogated Job logically concerning his manifestations, a significant number of them being fearsome mammoths, for example, the leviathan or the behemoth. Much like this discourse from the old confirmation, The Tyger likewise utilizes a lot of symbolism and imagery which adds to its otherworldly perspectives. There is an abundance of symbolism in the initial two lines alone. The sonnet starts: â€Å"Tyger! Tyger! consuming brilliant In the backwoods of the night,† The peruser considers in their brain the picture of a tiger with a coat bursting like fire in the guts of a dim timberland. This makes a negative impression of the tiger, so some may state that the tiger is representative of malice. A few people may go much further to reason that the tiger is an image of Satan. Maybe primarily the individuals who determine their understanding of damnation from Dante’s Inferno, or different works of writing that depict the fiend as a predator, shrouded on fire living in the obscurity of hellfire. A similar sort of symbolism and imagery is utilized in the initial two lines of the subsequent refrain, where it says: â€Å"In what removed deeps or skies Burnt the fire of thine eyes?† The pictures of â€Å"distant deeps or skies† again presents pictures of a domain of murkiness, and one is helped again to remember the conventional translation o...

Everyday Chances to Build Self-Confidence

Everyday Chances to Build Self-Confidence Everyday Chances to Build Self-Confidence Home›Education Posts›Everyday Chances to Build Self-Confidence Education PostsIf you trust yourself, everything is possible. People who honor their talents and respect their minds feel the fulfillment of real life. After all, self-confidence is all about believing yourself. From your own experience of communication with other people you know that trust is built up with every little talk you have with somebody. Every difficulty you overcome together makes you more confident in each other. In the same way our self-confidence is developed. Proposed by QualityCustomEssays.com here are everyday opportunities you can use to challenge your self-confidence:• Treat with love. When thinking of yourself, you have to choose love, but not judgment. Try to notice not only extra kilos, pimples or anything else you hate about you, look into your eyes as if you look at somebody you adore. Then smile to yourself. It may seem strange to you at first, but later you will get used to such kind of intimacy with yourself.• Slow down and spend time with yourself. When you hurry all the time, you are not feeling comfortable about yourself. It is very important to slow down every day to cherish the moment. Having a bath, reading a book or going for a walk in the nature will perform miracles.• Do a deed… quietly. Do something good, but make it a secret. There is no need to seek for approval from somebody else for gathering rubbish in the park or making a donation. Just be proud of yourself.• Journal. Reproducing your events of the day is equal to communicating to the person you love, that’s why the idea of having a diary will build in you the idea of trusting your inner world. The diary will allow you to be more honest to yourself and it will also help to record the process of growing you as a person.• Do not be embarrassed to say “No”. Refusing somebody is not necessarily hurting somebody. When you say “yes” to everybod y, it is unfair towards yourself and everybody around, as if you are not able to help all the people in a proper way, your “no” will make the person look for someone else to cope with his or her problem better than you can. It would be fair. It is OK not to be able to help everybody, since you are not God.

Whats Happening at Berkeley Haas A Firsthand Report

Last month, the Association of International Graduate Admissions Consultants – AIGAC – held its annual conference, and Berkeley Haas generously hosted our first two days. This â€Å"host† role included a valuable opportunity to interact with Dean Rich Lyons (just announced he will step down), Haas adcom members including Executive Director Morgan Bernstein, and Haas students. It was powerful to see firsthand how this program walks the talk of its distinctive and ambitious values. Indeed, the grandness of the program’s vision – to fuel students’ personal transformations so that they in turn can transform the world or a part of it by creating purpose, meaning, and value (my own paraphrase) – combined with the small student body results in an intense two years. This program pushes students to be open, to bare their souls in order to truly grasp their deepest calling. One of the adcom’s specific challenges is selecting from the river of highly qualified applicants those who will embrace and thrive in such a personally and emotionally demanding culture. A few tidbits from the Haas days: †¢ The new class will be – a little – bigger, going from 250 to 275 in 2017. Still, that’s 10% larger. And, in 2018, to 300. Cohorts will grow from 60 to 75 people. †¢ The adcom reviews international students by country; initially, readers have specific countries that they read and get to know closely. †¢ Aside from the obvious â€Å"qualification† factors such as GMAT and career, adcom readers specifically look for and evaluate extracurricular involvement, leadership, shaping one’s own path, initiative, and ability to immerse in the Haas culture. †¢ In evaluating goals, the adcom looks for passion and wants to see the motivation for those goals. †¢ The Student Affairs has a strong role in such an inclusive and student-driven culture; it (a) works in partnership with students, (b) facilitates students taking ownership of their experience by creating activities, programs, projects, etc., and (c) promotes â€Å"ally-ship† such as â€Å"Men as Allies† supporting the Women in Leadership group. †¢ Senior Director of MBA Career Coaching and Programs Hoyt Ng runs a very hands-on service with a focused approach: to enable you to embody your â€Å"best authentic self† and bring a â€Å"point of view† to your job meetings. I say â€Å"meetings† instead of â€Å"interviews† because, in his approach, the goal is to â€Å"have a conversation† about the job, not an interview. He wants you to understand your target company so well that you can present yourself in such a way so the interviewer sees you as already part of the organization, not somebody waiting and hoping to be let in. (And, aha, that’s what we admissions consultants try to help you get your applications to do with adcoms!) †¢ Career Services partners with industry specialists who serve as career advisors, e.g. Deepak Gupta in the startup space, Vince Law in Product Management – a great resource for students to gain both the real-world, real-time grasp of an industry or function, plus the first rung of a network. †¢ In numerous activities (academic, community, social), Evening/Weekend MBAs and Executive MBAs participate with MBAs, expanding both the number and perspectives. A highlight of this time at Haas was a panel of 5 highly articulate students (recent alumni and current students) presenting their own stories of how they were transformed or are transforming during their years at Haas. They all cited both personal and professional transformation – and how the Haas community was/is instrumental in that process. Are you hungry for a journey of change while you also hone business skills and rev up for your next career move? Do you want to spend 2 years in a culture that is inclusive and generous but also demands much of your time, effort, heart, and imagination? If so, it’s a tough admit, but DO give Haas your best shot. Cindy Tokumitsu has advised hundreds of successful applicants, helping them gain acceptance to top MBA and EMBA programs in her 20 years with Accepted. She would love to help you too. Want Cindy to help you get Accepted? Click here to get in touch! Related Resources: †¢ Leadership in Admissions, a free guide †¢ Exploring the Haas MBA with Asst. Dean Peter Johnson, a podcast episode †¢ Highlights of AIGAC 2017

The Discovery of Fire in the Early Stone Age

The discovery of fire, or, more precisely, the controlled use of fire, was one of mankinds first great innovations. Fire allows us to produce light and heat, to cook plants and animals, to clear forests for planting, to heat-treat stone for making stone tools, to keep predator animals away, and to burn clay for ceramic objects. It has social purposes as well. Fires serve as gathering places, as beacons for those away from camp, and as spaces for special activities. The Progress of Fire Control The human control of fire likely required the cognitive ability to conceptualize the idea of fire, which itself has been recognized in chimpanzees; great apes have been known to prefer their foods cooked. The fact that experimentation with fire occurred during the early days of humanity should come as no surprise. Archaeologist J.A.J. Gowlett offers this general outline for the development of fire use:  opportunistic use of fire from natural occurrences (lightning strikes, meteor impacts, etc);  limited conservation of fires lit by natural occurrences; use of animal dung or other slow-burning substances to maintain fires in wet or cold seasons; and finally,  kindled fire. Early Evidence The controlled use of fire was likely an invention of our ancestor Homo erectus during the Early Stone Age (or Lower Paleolithic). The earliest evidence of fire associated with humans  comes from Oldowan hominid sites in the Lake Turkana region of Kenya. The site of Koobi Fora contained oxidized patches of earth to a depth of several centimeters, which some scholars interpret as evidence of fire control. The Australopithecine site of Chesowanja in central Kenya (about 1.4 million years old) also contained burned clay clasts  in small areas. Other Lower Paleolithic sites in Africa that contain possible evidence of fire include Gadeb in Ethiopia (burned rock), and Swartkrans (burned bones) and Wonderwerk Cave (burned ash and bone fragments), both in South Africa. The earliest evidence for controlled use of fire outside of Africa is at the Lower Paleolithic site of Gesher Benot Yaaqov in Israel, where charred wood and seeds were recovered from a site dated 790,000 years old. Other evidence has been found at Zhoukoudian, a Lower Paleolithic site in China, Beeches Pit in the U.K., and Qesem Cave in Israel. An Ongoing Discussion Archaeologists examined the available data for European sites and concluded that habitual use of fire wasnt part of the suite of human behaviors until about 300,000 to 400,000 years ago. They believe that the earlier sites are representative of the  opportunistic use of natural fires. Terrence Twomey published a comprehensive discussion of the early evidence for the  human control of fire at 400,000 to 800,000 years ago. Twomey believes that there is no direct evidence for domestic fires between 400,000 and 700,000 years ago, but he believes that other, indirect evidence supports the notion of the controlled use of fire. Indirect Evidence Twomeys argument is based on several lines of indirect evidence. First, he cites the metabolic demands of relatively big-brained Middle Pleistocene hunter-gatherers  and suggests that brain evolution required cooked food. Further, he argues that our distinctive sleep patterns (staying up after dark) are deeply rooted and that hominids began staying in seasonally or permanently cool places by 800,000 years ago. All of this, says Twomey, implies effective control of fire. Gowlett and Richard Wrangham argue that another piece of indirect evidence for the early use of fire is that our ancestors Homo  erectus evolved smaller mouths, teeth, and digestive systems, in striking contrast to earlier hominids. The benefits of having a smaller gut could not be realized until high-quality foods were available all year long. The adoption of cooking, which softens food and makes it easier to digest, could have led to these changes. Hearth Fire Construction A hearth is a deliberately constructed fireplace. The earliest examples were made by collecting stones to contain the fires, or simply by reusing the same location again and again and allowing the ash from previous fires to accumulate. Hearths from the Middle Paleolithic period (about 200,000 to 40,000 years ago) have been found at sites such as the Klasies River Caves in South Africa, Tabun Cave in Israel, and Bolomor Cave in Spain. Earth ovens, on the other hand, are hearths with banked and sometimes domed structures built of clay. These types of hearths were first used during the Upper Paleolithic period for cooking and heating and sometimes for burning clay figurines. The Gravettian Dolni Vestonice site in the modern Czech Republic has evidence of kiln construction, although construction details did not survive. The best information on Upper Paleolithic kilns is from the Aurignacian deposits of Klisoura Cave  in Greece. Fuels Relict wood was likely the fuel used for the earliest fires. Purposeful selection of wood came later: hardwood such as oak burns differently than softwood such as pine, since the moisture content and density of a wood all affect how hot or long it will burn. In places where wood was not available, alternative fuels such as peat, cut turf, animal dung, animal bone, seaweed, and straw were used to build fires. Animal dung was likely not consistently used until after animal domestication  led to the keeping of livestock, about 10,000 years ago. Sources Attwell L., Kovarovic K., and Kendal J.R. Fire in the Plio-Pleistocene: The Functions of Hominin Fire Use, and the Mechanistic, Developmental and Evolutionary Consequences. Journal of Anthropological Sciences, 2015.Bentsen S.E. Using Pyrotechnology: Fire-Related Features and Activities With a Focus on the African Middle Stone Age. Journal of Archaeological Research, 2014.Gowlett J.A.J. The Discovery of Fire by Humans: A Long and Convoluted Process. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 2016.Gowlett J.A.J., and Wrangham R.W. Earliest Fire in Africa: Towards the Convergence of Archaeological Evidence and the Cooking Hypothesis. Azania: Archaeological Research in Africa, 2013.Stahlschmidt M.C., Miller C.E., Ligouis B., Hambach U., Goldberg P., Berna F., Richter D., Urban B., Serangeli J., and Conard N.J. On the Evidence for Human Use and Control of Fire at Schà ¶ningen. Journal of Human Evolution, 2015.Twomey T. The Cognitive Implications of Controlled Fire Use by Early Humans. Cambridge Archaeological Journal, 2013.

Workplace Diversity Within The Workplace - 865 Words

As companies become more diverse in the work field employees are getting harder to manage and understand. One issue in the global market today is workplace diversity. Workplace diversity is defined as all characteristics and experiences that defined each employee as individuals, but it can also be misunderstood as discrimination against employees. Diversity can include race, ethnicity, sex, religion, disability and sexual orientation discrimination. One reason why workplace diversity is important is because when you respect your employees productivity rate rises and many companies do not know that. A diverse workplace targets to create an inclusive culture that values and uses the talents of all employees. Evolution of Workplace Diversity In 1964 the civil rights act made it illegal for employment organizations to practice discrimination in the workplace. Based on race, ethnicity, sex, religion, disability and sexual orientation. In 1965 congress pass an executive order which was 11246 it required contractors to taker affirmative actions and to ensure all employees are getting the same treatment in the workplace. These laws eliminated discrimination of certain classes in the workplace and organizations that did not abide by employment fair labor treatment laws were fine or shut down. Even though some organizations became more diverse the change was slow over time because of certain classes of workers. In order to establish workplace diversity companies began to establishShow MoreRelatedDiversity At Workplace Diversity Within The Workplace3281 Words   |  14 Pages1.0 Diversity at workplace Diversity is a very extensive subject and can be in any genre or class; it is difficult to categorize because of its complex nature. According to Res (2012), diversity can be represented as a variety of human aspects pertaining to different societies and cultures in the workforce or can be explained tolerating the differences. On the contrary, diversity is a quest of differences among human beings in safe, positive and nurturing surroundings and moves beyond simple toleranceRead MoreThe Diversity Within The Workplace1538 Words   |  7 PagesIt is a known fact that in order for companies to flourish, excellent leadership practices and employees go hand-in-hand. What most companies have failed to acknowledge is how diversity within the workplace, especially in management and executive leadership, does not have a very strong presence. 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More and more research has gone into a diverse workplace and effects it can have on an organisation competitive advantage. Although having diverse workplace, bri ngs about opportunities and threats, diversity is complexRead MoreThe Diversity Within The Workplace Essay2257 Words   |  10 Pagesrise to a diverse workforce comprising of different individuals who significantly differ from one another. Diversity in the workplace has been defined as the differences and similarities among the employees that make up an organization in terms of age, cultural background, sex, religion (Anon., n.d.). The diversity in the workplace in terms of age is more often referred to as generational diversity. The desire by some to stay and work longer has led to the current workforce capturing many generationsRead MoreGender Diversity Within The Workplace1323 Words   |  6 PagesGender Diversity in Work Balance between men and women in the workplace has been absent from modern corporations. More often than not, employers discriminate against women for being the domestic partner. But society is changing, and we are creating a cultural lag in society, meaning that women have proven their capabilities to be far superior than what is commonly presumed time and time again, but society still fosters beliefs built on traditional gender roles. Women are not always domestic humans;Read MoreThe Value Of Diversity Within The Workplace1163 Words   |  5 PagesThe Value of Diversity in the Workplace Globalization sets the perfect environment to develop diversity in the workplace. This new society, in which we are currently living, has created a new workforce that is based on its diversity that can greatly help with any business development and growth. In business, diversity brings opportunities to grow, expand and reach out to other markets by utilizing the values, ideas and the diverse skills that people from many different backgrounds have to offer.

Research Papers - 1085 Words

Case Studies for Conflict Resolution: A key element in civil rights training Wisconsin WIC CONFLICT RESOLUTION: CASE STUDIES The following case studies match the scenarios in the online training. Review (watch or read) each scenario, and then answer the questions, below. Think about what you have learned and identify a conflict resolution technique that you would use in each situation. Case Study #1 Julia just finished a certification appointment for Maria, a participant who has cerebral palsy. Maria has some difficulty speaking and uses a wheelchair for mobility.As they head toward the door, Maria says something to Julia. Julia replies, â€Å"I’m sorry, I didn’t understand what you said.† Maria repeats her comment. Julia†¦show more content†¦Angie is having a hard time understanding Sandra. Sandra tries to explain that she can’t get Angie and her daughter appointments together until the end of the following week. Angie is frustrated and says, â€Å"This is not going to work. Obviously you don’t want to help me, why don’t you get someone on the phone who speaks English so I can get my checks.† Sandra says, â€Å"Well, I guess you should have planned ahead instead of waiting until the last minute.† Angie hangs up the phone and decides she will not ever go to this WIC clinic again. Questions to consider: 1. Have you ever been treated rudely by a WIC participant? How did you respond? 2. Write a different response for Sandra to use after Angie asks to speak to someone else. (Hint – try using Cooperative Power) Sandra says Sandra says, â€Å"Well, I guess you should have planned ahead instead of waiting until the last minute.† What might work better? 3 Case Studies for Conflict Resolution: A key element in civil rights training Wisconsin WIC Case Study #4 A WIC clinic in a diverse area employs several bilingual staff. There is a group of staff who speak Hmong, and they often converse in their native language at work. 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United Healthcare Essay - 1136 Words

UnitedHealth Group is a diversified health care company, and a worldwide leader in helping people live healthier lives and taking the necessary steps in making the health system work better for everyone. The UnitedHealth group serves more than 85 million individuals worldwide with health benefits and services. In 2012, they produced revenues of $110.6 billion and were ranked number 17 in the Fortune 500. The economic and political segments would rank the highest in influencing the UnitedHealth Group. The economic segment includes factors such as interest rates, inflation, trade factors, personal, and business savings. These factors affect the income received by individuals, business, and the company in question in this discussion.†¦show more content†¦The health sector is among the most important sectors in the United States economy. The government has enacted certain laws that affect the corporation’s activities and the insurance industry in general. The regulation affects competition among the health insurance companies, and the insurance industry in general. Among the five forces of competition; existing competitive rivalry between suppliers, threat of new market entrants, bargaining power of buyers, power of suppliers and threat of substitute products, the most significant for UnitedHealth Group are threats for substitute products and rivalry among competing firms. Given the fact that there are numerous healthcare insurance firms in the world; there are also a number of substitutes for the corporation products and services. In recent years, the banking industry has become involved in insurance activities. They provide some medical plans, which act as substitutes to the UnitedHealth Group products. Banc assurance, otherwise known as the bank insurance model, is a very common phenomenon in this global world. Banc assurance is an arrangement in which a bank and an insurance company form a partnership so that the insurance company can sell its products to the bank’s client base. This type of partnership can be profitable for both , the bank and the insurance company. 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Digital Classroom Free Essays

I was really wondering what can I learn English when I came here. Because before I couldn’t go to course about English . I haven’t got an idea. We will write a custom essay sample on Digital Classroom or any similar topic only for you Order Now After that we’ve seen two different classroom. Conventional and digital classroom. World is changing everyday. Person finds new technologies idea for everything. And I’m absolutely agree this statement what people learning English are able to make greater progress when using a variety of learning technologies within the classroom. I really like digital classroom. There are lots of advantages. In my opinion IWB is incredible . It looks like game and everybody like to play game. All word use to internet and computer because of this people can be to more interested with lesson. Some times we can want to speak with our friends and we can use to Synchron Eyes. I’m feeling comfortable to digital classroom. Pegasus is helpful for me. I can do some mistakes when I write by handed and after that maybe I can’t see my mistakes. But if I use to Pegasus I can see all my mistakes end of the exam or homework and maybe I can forget my homework but if I look for in the Pegasus I can see my homework. I used to conventional classroom for 23 years. Sometimes computers can’t work . there can be some digital problems. What can I do this time. I can use my book. We’re really old friends with my book. If I am in classroom I want to see my book and I want to use my pencil. This is really important for me. I want to write some notes on the book. As a result two different classroom has a good speciality. I feel confused but actually digital class is better than conventional class. How to cite Digital Classroom, Papers Digital Classroom Free Essays I was really wondering what can I learn English when I came here. Because before I couldn’t go to course about English . I haven’t got an idea. We will write a custom essay sample on Digital Classroom or any similar topic only for you Order Now After that we’ve seen two different classroom. Conventional and digital classroom. World is changing everyday. Person finds new technologies idea for everything. And I’m absolutely agree this statement what people learning English are able to make greater progress when using a variety of learning technologies within the classroom. I really like digital classroom. There are lots of advantages. In my opinion IWB is incredible . It looks like game and everybody like to play game. All word use to internet and computer because of this people can be to more interested with lesson. Some times we can want to speak with our friends and we can use to Synchron Eyes. I’m feeling comfortable to digital classroom. Pegasus is helpful for me. I can do some mistakes when I write by handed and after that maybe I can’t see my mistakes. But if I use to Pegasus I can see all my mistakes end of the exam or homework and maybe I can forget my homework but if I look for in the Pegasus I can see my homework. I used to conventional classroom for 23 years. Sometimes computers can’t work . there can be some digital problems. What can I do this time. I can use my book. We’re really old friends with my book. If I am in classroom I want to see my book and I want to use my pencil. This is really important for me. I want to write some notes on the book. As a result two different classroom has a good speciality. I feel confused but actually digital class is better than conventional class. How to cite Digital Classroom, Papers

Potential Mechanism For Clarifying Habits -Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Potential Mechanism For Clarifying Habits? Answer: Introducation Communication is the process of sending and receiving information between two or more people (Habermas, 2015). Communication is a process that cannot be completed with only one person. From the advent of human race, communication has been a very important phenomenon that is required for the exchange of information. The one who sends the information is known as the sender while the one on the other end is known as the receiver (McQuail Windahl, 2015). The information that is passed in the communication cycle reflects various ideas, opinions and thought process of those who are involved in the process. According to Broadbent (2013), the various kind of communication are mentioned below- Verbal communication Non-Verbal communication Written communication Visual representations such as maps, symbols and graphs. Effective communication is one of the most important skills to have in this modern world because effectively passing on the information is mandatory to avoid conflict or any issues (Shockley-Zalabak, 2014). I have faced situations where incomplete communication has lead to many problems including confusion, hurting of sentiments and even conflicts. When I communicate with people I make sure that, the entire information is passed on to the recipients and that I clearly state the ideas. My motive remains that people must clearly understand what I wish to convey, and them agreeing to it or not is completely upon them. This clarity increases the level of trust that people have on the communicator and it makes me feel confident. I have successfully passed on difficult messages to people using effective communication skills and have experienced no conflict or trust issues among the people. When I saw people having a negative image among people and being referred to as an unfriendly person, I realized that the problem was lack of effective communication on the part of that individual. Hence, it allowed me to pursue a positive body language while dealing with people and it has enhanced my public relations massively. Barriers to communication are known as the aspects that deter the communication process and hinder the transfer of information from the sender to receiver (Conrad, 2014). In my first encounter with my office colleagues, I was apprehensive and rather shy to communicate with them. This led them to believing that I am a person with ego and I am a weak communicator. However, soon I understood that I had to get rid of my shyness and apprehensions. The moment I got away from those barriers, colleagues became friends for me and soon we started to share light moments in the team and entire work environment became better for me. Barriers may be of various kinds such as fear, lack of knowledge, natural phenomenon, trust issues, self-image and personal interests (Wibeck, 2014). Individuals can communicate freely with each other keeping the barriers aside but this is not always possible because language may sometimes become a barrier and the receiver may not be aware of a foreign language that t he sender is speaking. Such barriers are very common and lead to communication gap between people in foreign places. Barriers hinder effective communication and this leads people being distanced from each other due to lack of communication. Self-awareness is the ability of an individual to understand their own personality and make an analysis of the various strengths and weakness in their character (Vago, 2014). It is a fact that a person can be happy only if there is awareness about the self. Self-awareness allows me to understand the various qualities that I have in my character. When I face an interview, I stay confident about it because I know where my strengths are and how I can use them to impress the interviewer. Having an idea of the weakness also allows me stay away from areas that can put me into trouble and hence I can work accordingly. The challenges that are posed by various situations can be better analyzed because I know the limits to which I can push myself in order to achieve a target in life. The art of self-awareness came to my attention when I started taking interest in self-talk sessions. Self-talk has benefitted me hugely in allowing me to assess myself in light of the situations that demand my act ion in any form. In this world of globalization, the confluence of culture in the workplace is one of the most evident characteristics of business communication. Cross-cultural communication skills are the most sought after skill sets looked after by leading organizations in their employees and new recruits (Piller, 2013). I am a person who likes communicating with people and hence never faced issues related to cross-cultural communication. Being able in freely communicating with people from various backgrounds, I have learned many things from them and it has improved many skills of mine. Co-ordination is mandatory in the workplace because every organization looks for people who will work as a team and achieve the common goal of the organization. In order to achieve the common goal, it is must for individuals to communicate with each other without any kind of apprehension or barrier in their communication process. Treating people from different ethnic group or culture only complicates the situation a nd worsens the overall performance because it induces bias practices and hence de-motivates the person or group that is treated differently because of culture or ethnicity (Modood, 2017). I feel that such communication should be practiced as people can always learn something new from other culture and their thought process may provide positive aspirations in workplace. Ethical decision-making lays the foundation for successful business communication. Whenever I see someone making a decision impulsively based on personal motives and without a morality that supports the right cause, I can sense the fault in the entire decision making process. Often such decisions backfire and lead to failure and harm the entire organization or team. Learning from those faulty decisions of others, I have started to evaluate a situation deeply before coming to a decision. There are always various implications to a decision that will be taken and all of the implications have to be kept in mind before taking a decision. Ethical decision-making process includes on the part of decision maker to be able to take decisions that are morally correct irrespective of the cost (Crossan, Mazutis Seijts, 2013). I have seen that foreseeing the consequences always helps in taking the decision and it enables me to have a backup in case things go wrong. Taking such ethical decisions ha s led to people gaining confidence on me and the fairness has made people believe that I am a wise person and can be trusted with complicated issues. In order to take ethical approach in decision making it is essential for individuals to refrain from any kind of bias attitude or prejudgments towards the issues that are at hand and needed to be taken a call upon. To conclude, it is essential to have an open approach towards the various issues that may arise in communicating at the professional level. I had weaknesses in communicating with unknown people, but with time I realized that having such an attitude will lead to loss on my part and people will have a wrong perception about me. Hence, I stepped out of my comfort zone, interacted with everyone, and made sure that none of the barriers interrupted my communication process. This lead to people winning trust on me and my overall image became better among them and I received a greater acceptance on all fronts in the workplace. Reference Broadbent, D. E. (2013).Perception and communication. Elsevier. Conrad, D. (2014). Workplace communication problems: Inquiries by employees and applicable solutions.Journal of business studies quarterly,5(4), 105. Crossan, M., Mazutis, D., Seijts, G. (2013). In search of virtue: The role of virtues, values and character strengths in ethical decision making.Journal of Business Ethics,113(4), 567-581. Habermas, J. (2015).Communication and the Evolution of Society. John Wiley Sons. McQuail, D., Windahl, S. (2015).Communication models for the study of mass communications. Routledge. Modood, T. (2017). Must Interculturalists misrepresent multiculturalism?.Comparative migration studies,5(1), 15. Piller, I. (2013). Language choice in bilingual, cross-cultural interpersonal communication.Linguistik online,5(1). Shockley-Zalabak, P. (2014).Fundamentals of organizational communication. Pearson. Vago, D. R. (2014). Mapping modalities of self?awareness in mindfulness practice: a potential mechanism for clarifying habits of mind.Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences,1307(1), 28-42. Wibeck, V. (2014). Enhancing learning, communication and public engagement about climate changesome lessons from recent literature.Environmental Education Research,20(3), 387-411.

William Shakespeares Sonnet 138 Comparing love in two poems Essay Example

William Shakespeares Sonnet 138 Comparing love in two poems Paper William Shakespeares Sonnet 138 is about a couple that have a very cynical relationship. The poet is saying he knows that he is old and no longer beautiful, and that she doesnt love him as much because of this, but he doesnt tell her this. Elizabeth Barrett Brownings Sonnet is a contrast to Sonnet 138 because this relationship is completely honest and open. The poet is writing about how important her lover is to her, even more important than God. Sonnet 138 written by William Shakespeare in the late 1590s, but was not published until 1609. The poem is about a man who is in a relationship with a much younger lady. Their relationship is very cynical and they are very untruthful to each other. The man knows his helper is lying to him and he thinks she doesnt realise this. The man is just as bad though, because he is also being deceitful to her. But he is happy leaving it that way. We will write a custom essay sample on William Shakespeares Sonnet 138 Comparing love in two poems specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on William Shakespeares Sonnet 138 Comparing love in two poems specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on William Shakespeares Sonnet 138 Comparing love in two poems specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer The sonnet is a Shakespearian sonnet, and is divided into 3 quatrains and a rhyming couplet. The first line of the poem gives us a faint idea of what the poem could be about, he says When my love swears that she is made of truth We know from this it is a lover telling us that his partner is promising she is truthful to him. It could also mean that the partner promises that she is virginal and pure. The writer soon makes a contradiction, because he does believe her, though I know she lies. He says that he believes her even though he knows she is lying, he could also be trying to fool himself into believing something that isnt true, so that he feels better. She might think that he is naà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ve and will believe anything she tells him, she might think me some untutord youth, She thinks this because she thinks he doesnt know about the truth, Unlearned in the worlds false subtleties backs this idea up. The next quatrain starts with the writer saying because of her lies and deception he is vainly thinking that she thinks me young, he is hoping that she really does think him young, he tries to make himself believe this, but it is hard for him since he knows that he is rather old, and she knows my days are past the best. He knows that it is obvious to her. It seems as if the man may have gave up thinking in vain as we can see from Simply I credit her false-speaking tongue he respects her for lying to make him feel better about himself, and because she lies so well. However he cannot be angry at her for lying to him, because On both sides thus is simple truth supprest. They are both lying to each other, and it would not be fair for him to blame it all on her. In the last quatrain he is wondering why she doesnt tell him that he is too old, But wherefore say not that I am old? He probably would not mind if she just went ahead and told him, but she might be afraid of the consequences. He doesnt mind the lying, he thinks loves best habit is in seeming trust, he seems to think that lying is a normal part of love and he says it is the best part of it. He could be trying to make himself believe that it is all a normal part of love so he does not feel bad. He then goes on to, in a way, disagree with himself, because he thinks age in love loves not to have years told he is saying love does not like to hear about the age difference. The rhyming couplet at the end sums up the poem, Therefore I lie with her, and she with me, can mean two things. The man lying to his wife and her lying to him, and the two still lying in bed together as a result of them not being truthful to each other and not breaking up. The last line, And in our faults by lies we flatterd be means that he is happy with the fact that they are both lying to each other, because it still makes him feel happy. Sonnet by Elizabeth Barrett Browning is very different to Shakespeares Sonnet 138 in the way that it is about a relationship based on pure everlasting love and trust, rather than dishonesty and lying to each other. Her love for her husband is so great that she compares it with her love for God, or maybe she sees him as God. She says that she loves him as much as possible, and her love for him will last forever. This is very unlike Sonnet 138 because in that it is about false love and deceptions. The poet was handicapped as a child, due to a horse riding accident; this made people think that she would be a failure, therefore being able to achieve nothing special in her life. This may have affected her, so maybe she wanted to prove them wrong. She may have started writing because of this. Then in 1845 she met and fell deeply in love with. Robert Browning, who she later married and ran away to Italy with. Meeting Robert Browning may have been another factor that affected her writing (definitely in this poem), and moving to Italy, seeing all the changes in relationships she would have seen. This is a petrarchan sonnet, divided into an octave and a sestet. The first line of the poem gives us a big clue on what the rest of the poem is about; she asks how does she love thee? then says let her count the ways. This shows she is going to list the many ways that she loves her husband, whereas in Sonnet 138 the poet is listing the faults in his relationship and the ways his partner lies to him. It also tells us there might be a lot of ways, because she has to count them. She loves him to the depth and breadth and height her soul can reach, she is saying that her love for him is so immense that it would fill up the whole universe if it were possible. Her use of all three dimensions emphasizes the feeling of everlasting, making the reader think of an infinite amount of space. The poem is given a spiritual feeling from her soul, giving a clue that the poem may be about spiritual, religious love as well. She loves him to the level of every days most quiet need, this could mean that during every little thing that she does everyday, she is thinking of him persistently by sun and candlelight. Sun and candlelight means during day and night, suggesting that she may stay awake at night think about him or dream about him. Candlelight also brings up the idea of spirituality again, because a candle is a strong Christian religious symbol. Her love for him is free and unleashed; she compares this freedom of love with men who strive for Right. Elizabeth Barrett Browning was strongly against the slave trade, and this could represent the slaves fighting with a passion for freedom. She says she loves him purely, and she compares this purity with the innocence of the slaves when they praise their gods for release. She uses all her love in her heart to love her husband and it is put to good use. Her love is pure and simple, she loves him with her childhoods faith. Children are supposed to have pure, innocent, simple minds, and she is saying that her love for him is simple, yet full of passion. The childhood aspect appears in Sonnet 138 as well, but instead meaning a childs gullibility, showing a negative feeling rather than the positive one shown in this poem. This could also mean with all the breath, smiles, tears she has lost in the past she has lost all her old griefs, which makes her love him more. She ends it with saying that she will love thee better after death. This shows the religious love again, she obviously believes in heaven, therefore God. She might also see her husband as a god. This poem is a big contrast to Sonnet 138 because the poet is exploring the idea of the lovers being in an honest relationship and their love is true and everlasting. Whereas in Sonnet 138 the poet has explored the idea of a relationship being based on lies and the lovers are not really sure if their love is true love. From analyzing and comparing these two poems, contrasts and similarities can be made. The main similarity is that the two poems are about love within a relationship. The main contrast is that Sonnet is about positive feelings towards the partner and Sonnet 138 is about negative feelings towards the partner. Sonnet uses positive language like purely, freely, and passion which show feelings and emotions of pure love, and religious imagery is used, like soul, Grace, candlelight, and praise which emphasizes the feeling of love by comparing it with her love for her religion and God. Sonnet 138 on the other hand uses language that shows negative feelings, like lies, false, unjust, and untutord. All these words show negative feelings, giving the whole poem a dark feeling to it. To summarize, Sonnet is a positive poem focusing on the positive side of love, and Sonnet 138 is a negative poem focusing on the negative side of love.

Using Student Forums For Tips on Writing an Essay

Using Student Forums For Tips on Writing an EssayA sample of the personal essay for SUNY is available on the SUNY University website and is posted on several of their student forums. This sample includes essays from various different categories of students in their early college years. The topic varies from courses that revolve around the arts, to surveys and many other topics that are needed to support an individual's application to SUNY.The samples of personal essay for SUNY were compiled to provide examples of what students in their early college years will face. This is a good way to know what you will be facing when applying to a SUNY college. There are several topics that the sample of personal essay for SUNY contains and some of them are essays about the arts, course evaluations, and class reviews. This is only a sample and is not indicative of what all students will encounter in their time at SUNY.Sample essays can be written based on several different types of subjects. Some examples include essays about campus life, campus environment, diversity, and career growth. A sample of the personal essay for SUNY lists topics that are mostly used in admissions offices. There are also topics that are used for teacher evaluations and teacher panel selections. There are a number of topics that are listed for other types of classes.The sample of personal essay for SUNY lists several topics that are listed on student forums. Student forums can be an invaluable resource to a student who wants to write a sample of the personal essay for SUNY. A forum is an online community of students who share information about their experiences and opinions about their universities. It can also be used as a source of topics that are commonly used for college applications.Students can use a forum as a means of connecting with others who are going through the same process as they are. A forum can be found ona number of websites including the SUNY University website, the SUNY New York website, and the SUNY Colleges website. These forums can be used as a means of connecting with other students who are similar to the student that is applying to the college that the student has chosen.A forum is an ideal resource for students who are seeking to have a sample of the personal essay for SUNY. Many forums contain discussion threads that can be used as ways to connect with other students who share the same interests as the student who is writing the essay. The student is able to share stories, thoughts, and ideas with others. Student forums are a means of sharing information with others and making new friends in the process.A forum can be used as a means of starting an essay writing campaign for a sample of the personal essay for SUNY. They can also be used as a means of sharing topics that can be used as tips for writing essays. Forums often contain links to websites that offer writing guides. This is a perfect resource for students who are looking for ways to improve their ability to write essays.Student forums can be a great resource for students who are looking for a site that can offer an introduction to writing an essay. A forum provides a wide range of topics to share with others. Students can learn many skills by using these forums and can also come up with topics of their own to share with others.

Rocking Horse Winner Essay Example

Rocking Horse Winner Essay Example Rocking Horse Winner Essay Rocking Horse Winner Essay â€Å"For the love of money is the root of all evil. † in the short story, The Rocking Horse Winner by D. H Lawrence. The story is centered on Paul, a persistent young boy, who remains selfless in his quest to make his mother, Hester, a happy wealthy woman. Paul shows loyalty throughout the story, never giving up on bringing luck into his mother’s life. The happiness of his mother, motivates Paul to continue gambling on horse races. His naive belief that money would cure his mother’s depression over being well-off, ultimately leads to Paul’s early unfortunate death. Paul’s persistency began when he discovered that his mother believe that they were born with no luck. â€Å"If you’re lucky, you have money†, Hester explains to Paul. His mission was to change his mother’s mind and show her that the family indeed was lucky. Paul solicited the help of the family’s gardener, Basset, and pleads with him to bet on a horse on his behalf. After sensing unsatisfactory with the money sent to her anonymously, Paul felt he hadn’t done enough to make his mother feel lucky. The young boy road the horse day and night, not sleeping or eating, seeking the name of the winner. When you have a goal, persistency helps you achieve that goal. Paul loves his mother, therefore, the love he has for Hester motivated him to do whatever it took to make her happy. When Hester revealed that she felt unlucky, it sadden him. It’s troubling to hear of a love one hurting, struggling, and unhappy with the life they’ve been given. Paul’s loyalty to his mother was obsessive and detrimental to his health. Doing things for the ones you love should always have boundaries and not cause harm in the process of trying to help. Dedicated and loyal Paul, crawled from his sick bed and onto the rocking horse, to achieve his final win in the name of making Hester lucky. In life you come across people that are hard to satisfy and please. Hester was happy momentary with the winnings and spent the money lavishly. She had begun to earn extra money sketching figures of women in the latest fashions. Paul seemly had reached his goal of making her happy. However, Hester did not make much money and the money from the horse races dwindled. To Paul’s dismay, Hester remained unhappy. He whole heartedly believed the five pound would cure his mother’s depression. Paul’s naive thinking was one of a child, in which he was. Money does not always solve every problem and that’s a lesson Paul died learning. Throughout the house there’s a whisper, â€Å"There must be more money. † haunting the family. Hester and her husband married for love, not financial gain. The love in Hester’s marriage soon runs dry and she began to resent the path she has chosen in life. The whispers in the short story symbolizes the family desire for money. Always wondering where their next source of income would come from, the haunted house added more pressure to have money to the family. â€Å"There must be more money†, resounding through the house, is a constant reminder of their financial troubles. Everyone hears the whispers, but no one acknowledges it aloud. The whispers could have been used as a source of motivation to have better careers, and work harder to reach the financial status desired. Instead of using the taunting words in a positive light, the family, mainly Hester, fell into a depression. Paul’s rocking horse was given to him on Christmas morning. The rocking horse was a great gift for Paul because he had a love for horses. He also enjoyed the horse races and always stayed up to date with what was going on in the race world. Riding the rocking horse led to Paul gambling. He felt his uncle had past luck to him and would now be successful in winning. The rocking horse gave Paul the power to know which horse would win the race, therefore, allowing him to place a bet on the correct horse and win. The rocking horse is the devil in the form of a toy. Enabling obsession, with winning and money, Paul fell to the powers of the horse. On his last lap, young Paul saw who the winner of the derby would be. He had no concern with his health, his only desire was be sure of the winner. Poisoned with the thought that money was the answer to being lucky, Paul died on the back of his favorite toy, the rocking horse. The desire to be well-off came with a price and Paul paid it, to ensure his mother’s luck and happiness.

Roy Plunkett and the Invention of Teflon

Roy Plunkett and the Invention of Teflon Dr. Roy Plunkett discovered PTFE or polytetrafluoroethylene, the basis of Teflon ®, in April 1938. It’s one of those discoveries that happened by accident. Plunkett Discovers PTFE Plunkett held a Bachelor of Arts degree, a Master of Science degree, and his PhD in organic chemistry when he went to work at the DuPont research laboratories in Edison, New Jersey. He  was working with gases related to Freon ®Ã‚  refrigerants when he stumbled upon PTFE. Plunkett and his assistant, Jack Rebok, were charged with developing an alternative refrigerant and came up with tetrafluorethylene or TFE. They ended up making about 100 pounds of TFE and were faced with the dilemma of storing it all. They placed the TFE in small cylinders and froze them.  When they later checked on the refrigerant, they found the cylinders effectively empty, even though they felt heavy enough that they should still have been full. They cut one open and found that the TFE had polymerized into a white, waxy powder polytetrafluoroethylene or PTFE resin. Plunkett was an inveterate scientist. He had this new substance on his hands, but what to do with it? It was slippery, chemically stable and had a high melting point. He began playing with it, attempting to find out if it would serve any useful purpose at all. Ultimately, the challenge was taken out of his hands when he was promoted and sent to a different division. The TFE was sent to DuPont’s Central Research Department. The scientists there were instructed to experiment with the substance, and Teflon ® was born. Teflon Properties The molecular weight of Teflon ® can exceed 30 million, making it one of the largest molecules known to man. A colorless, odorless powder, it is a fluoroplastic with many properties that  give it an increasingly wide range of uses. The surface is so slippery, virtually nothing sticks to it or is absorbed by it – the Guinness Book of World Records once listed it as the slipperiest substance on earth. It’s still the only known substance that a geckos feet cant stick to.   The Teflon Trademark PTFE was first marketed under the DuPont Teflon ® trademark in 1945.   No wonder Teflon ® was chosen to be used on non-stick cooking pans, but it was originally used only for industrial and military purposes because it was so expensive to make. The first non-stick pan using  Teflon ® was marketed in France as Tefal in 1954. The U.S. followed with its own Teflon ®-coated pan the Happy Pan in 1861. Teflon Today Teflon ® can be found just about everywhere these days: as a stain repellant in fabrics, carpets and furniture, in automobile windshield wipers, hair products, lightbulbs, eyeglasses, electrical wires and infrared decoy flares. As for those cooking pans, feel free to take a wire whisk or any other utensil to them – unlike in the old days, you won’t risk scratching the Teflon ® coating because its been improved. . Dr. Plunkett stayed with DuPont until his retirement in 1975. He died in 1994, but not before being inducted into the Plastics Hall of Fame and the National Inventors’ Hall of Fame.

What barriers are there to the effective prevention of genocide and Essay - 1

What barriers are there to the effective prevention of genocide and crimes against humanity - Essay Example The human race continue to talk of the visible and the invisible mass killings, some of which have acquired explicit names, yet little action have come forth to secure sustainable world peace. Shortly after the turn of the new millennium, the Darfur mass murders accompanied by unimaginable destruction, mass rapes, and dislocation followed a familiar trend that has long demanded a concerted, prompt effort as the rest of the world watched the events of the other side of human nature unfold unabated. Sixty years after the United Nations’ Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide (CPPCG), and two solid decades after its ratification by the most powerful nation on earth, the United States, the world still lacks reliable institutional frameworks to confront the evil inherent in the subject matter at hand. The term ‘genocides’ has its origin in the work of Raphael Lemkin’s 1944 analysis of the Holocaust titled Axis Rule in Occupied Europ e; an enormous task that basically found the phrase ‘mass killing’ rather inadequate to fully capture the atrocities of the event (Kentis, 2011, p.3). Before Lemkin’s work, crimes of mass atrocities [â€Å"crimes of crimes†] lacked â€Å"explicit identity† (Power, 2002, p. 30). Scholars are in agreement that genocides are not natural disasters, but man-made occurrences that are preventable. (Fein, 2000, p. 42). Despite the inherent flaws with regards to the legal definition adopted at the above mentioned convention concerning what exactly constitutes genocide, its recognition as a crime of humanity, without a doubt, reinforced the legitimacy by the international community to act, on humanitarian grounds, to prevent and possibly stop the elements with ill intentions from actualizing any form of pre-planned atrocities. To date, the convention’s statutes largely remains monumental with genocide intervention, even with immense evidence of ethnic cleansing taking place, occurring at the final stages of Stanton’s eight stage model (Stanton, 2008). This paper briefly elaborates on some of the barriers towards effective prevention of world genocides and crimes against humanity; and where possible the analysis will include the flawed nature of the theo retical frameworks that seem to work only in paper, the blockade erected by the concept of ‘State sovereignty’, the difficulty of holding perpetrators to account, and the general lack of international will/interest to intervene in matters considered domestic. The Impediments to the Prevention of Crimes against Humanity The campaigns initiated by Lemkin to include and subsequently prohibit genocide under the international laws was more than a welcome call for international action as demonstrated by UN General Assembly’s nod on the 9th December 1948. To be sure, even though the word genocide may appear recent in origin, the concept is almost as old as mankind

Article analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Article analysis - Essay Example The internationalization process helps in development and applicability of the internationalization process theory to the several marketing operations (Conconi, Sapir, and Zanardi, 2013). For example, the gradual internationalization process inspires the organization to enter markets, which have an impact of the economic, social and cultural similarities with the growing domestic and international markets. The study will deal with the various dimensional aspects of internationalization and its effect on the business activities (Birnik and Bowman, 2007). The author of the study will also highlight the various facets of strategies that help in the development of emerging markets. Finally, the study will conclude the impact of emerging markets on the developed and developing economy for the success of the organization and the economy itself. Emerging Markets of Developed & Developing Economy The gradual internationalization process requires exploration of the market with several opportu nities and more or less with equitable similarities. This process also helps in addressing the risks associated with innovative capability and also the perceived risks associated with foreign market entry. There are usually various dimensions to the market entry which increases with the foreign entry modes, and the dimensions include resource commitment and order of market entry. Gradual internationalization requires less resource commitment such as exporting right from the beginning of the market entry and then transfer into other entry modes. Resource commitment requires emphasis on the perceived risk associated with each of the market entry modes (Cai, 2000). The second dimension is the order of market entry modes, which lays emphasis on an organization trying to enter into domestic markets and then expanding into international markets. This order of entry is also known as psychic distance on the internationalization theory. Emerging markets have been regarded as the attractive s ource and target market for further operation and expansion of the base activities. These emerging markets have been regarded as the base of manufacturing activities due to their easy availability, high quality and cheap labor and easy-to-assemble raw materials. The multinational corporation has expanded by opening several units worldwide. It has been observed that Internet organizations expand on a global scale for reduction in deviation methods and errors in their distribution system (Gustafson, 2011). The Internet organization has expanded a larger scale for wider operations and also increases in their outcome for various purposes. Internationalization Process Theory The concept of internationalization process was formulated by Johanson and Wiedersheim-Paul and was modified gradually by other authors. The internationalization process differs marginally between policy formulations and status quo. This process also helps in conceptualizing the international marketing theory in a di fferent way, which is often termed as an entrepreneurial fact (Shirani, 2009). The major objectives of the internationalization process is access to low cost production, proximity to suppliers, availability of technical and non-technical skills, reducing competition, energy, etc. (Kim, 2003). The internationalization process also helps in understanding the entry mode strategies and developing a market entry mode for the company accordingly. Internationaliza

The Flute Virtuosity: Johann George Tromlitz Essay -- The Gewandhaus Or

Accounts written of the late Johann George Tromlitz paint him as a bitter man; he was easily upset when writers neglected to mention his influential work on the flute. He reacts to these sentiments in the forward of one of his treatises, The Virtuoso Flute-Player (1791). Tromlitz wanted to be known as a master of the flute; he believed that his ideals were vital to the flute’s development and performance. He wrote several treatises where he speaks of the correct construction and performance of the flute, the core of his ideal. Although disputed, Tromlitz’s long-lasting impact on the flute community is absolutely indispensable: his treatises guide performers to a great extent, his compositions provide standard and well-written repertoire for the flute, and his flutes themselves mark the improvements that have been essential to the development of the modern flute. Tromlitz was born in 1725 in the small district of Reinsdorf in northern Germany. He completed his studies at the University at Leipzig in 1750, and soon after he received his degree in law, he started to build his own new set of flutes that were intended to dramatically change the construction process of flutes. He assumed the principal chair of the Große Concerte (now the Gewandhaus Orchestra) in 1754 until 1776. The Gewandhaus Orchestra was named after the concert hall in Leipzig where its main performances were and still are held. Tromlitz left the orchestra to dedicate his time to the creation of his new instruments, the teaching of new students, and the compositions he was writing for the flute repertoire. By leaving the orchestra, Tromlitz began to discover the true worth of improving the flute. The flute was being used in the orchestra on a more freque... ...r.org (accessed Jan. 24, 2014). Grove Music Online, S.v. â€Å"Tromlitz, Johann George,† by Ardal Powell. http://www. oxfordmusiconline.com (accessed Jan. 25, 2014). Powell, Ardal. The Flute. China: Yale University Press, 2002. Reilly, Edward R. â€Å"Quantz and the Transverse Flute: Some Aspects of His Practice and Thought Regarding the Instrument.† Early Music 24, no. 3 (Aug. 1997), http://www. jstor.org (accessed Jan. 24, 2014). Toff, Nancy. The Flute Book: A Complete Guide for Students and Performers. New York: Charles Scribner’s Sons, 1985. Tromlitz, Johann George. Sonata fà ¼r Flà ¶te und Cembalo in Ut majeur. Mainz, Germany: Schott Musik International, 2000. Tromlitz, Johann George, Ardal Powell, trans. The Keyed Flute. New York: Oxford University Press, 1996. ———, ———, trans. The Virtuoso Flute-Player. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 1991.

Consumer Behaviour Analysis Essay

In this competitive market, high quality of products may not be sufficient for companies to gain competitive edges in market (Palmer, 2004). In addition, according to Moutinho et al (1996), it seems that the nature of marketing is to satisfy the needs and requirements of consumers rather than product oriented. Thus, consumers play a prominent role in market as contemporary marketing is customer-oriented. However, it should be noticed that consumer behaviour is unstable because psychological factors have impacts on consumer behaviour. Moreover, Evans et al (2006) indicate that social factors also affect consumer behaviour. Although many companies have drawn attention to the status of consumers in market, they lack of the knowledge of consumer behaviour and guidelines to analysis their consumers. Therefore, the study of consumer behavior is necessary for helping companies clearly understand consumer behaviour. The purpose of this paper is to observe the effects of consumer behavior on established and new companies. Factors affecting consumer behavior will first be presented. The discussion of consumer behaviour’s effect on two types of companies will then be displayed, with a focus on brand loyalty, dynamic demands, and online shopping channels. Furthermore, for future development, effective approaches will be given to reduce the negative effects of customer behavior. Indeed, this paper briefly discusses some main effects of consumer behaviour on established and new companies, and it aims to help companies clearly understand consumer behaviour and further development. 1. Consumer Behaviour 1.1 Psychological influences A company has spent amounts of time developing a new product; however, after the company launches the product to markets, it could realize its efforts is wasted because customers reject its product in a few minutes. The reason is the company fails or neglects to analyze the psychological factors of consumers. Understanding psychological factors is essential for designing and publicizing a product, as these factors tend to influence consumer behaviour. According to Hollensen (2003:122), psychological factors include: â€Å"needs, perception, memory, and attitude†. With regards to the needs of consumers, marketers often distinguish the needs by using Maslow’s famous classification (1970). The classification divides the needs of people into five grades based on hierarchy. The higher level needs cannot be realized unless lower level needs are satisfied. For example, most African countries suffer from starvation. If a marketer sells luxury goods to African consumers, the marketer tends to fail because the marketer cannot understand what African people urgently need. Baker (2006:204) says â€Å"Sensation occurs when a sense organ receives a stimulus, while perception is the interpretation of that stimulus†. From the marketer’s viewpoint, it is essential to attract attention of consumers, and consumers can respond the way marketers intend to. For example, if a marketer chooses red colour to package products, the consumer likes all commodities with red packaging by chance; then, perception arises as this packaging draws the consumer attention. In terms of memory, when consumers make decision among kinds of brands, they prefer to select the brand that they remember. Hollensen (2003) observes consumers store information that is frequently seen or heard. Therefore, marketers try their best to publicize their brand name as much as possible with a view to making consumers remember their brand name when consumers select a product. Attitude can be described as consumers have positive and negative feelings when they see a object that can be a brand, an action, or a person. For this reason, marketers formulate marketing strategy based on using the knowledge of consume attitude in order to associate with consumer’s tastes and preferences. This subsection focuses on psychological factors that influence consumer behavior. In the latter subsection, it concerns social factors that would influence consumer behaviour. 1.2 Social influences Baker (2006) points out that social influences can be divided into three categories including culture, social class, and life-style. In terms of culture, Bennett and Kassarjian (1972) define culture as a consecutive form that can be passed on from one generation to another mainly including habits, beliefs, values, and attitudes. However, culture tends to be relatively unstable, and it is in the process of changing and inducing new ideas because of environmental change and technological change. In addition, Evans et al (2006) note that marketing is a contributory factor in changing of culture. For example, in China, before fast food restaurants of McDonald opened, Chinese people prefer to eat their own food such as porridge, rice, and noodles; nevertheless, after the US lifestyle has transmitted to China through McDonald, the eating habits of Chinese has changed as most of them, especially the young people, would choose hamburgers or chips instead of rice and noodles. With regard to social classes, this classes are groups who have similar characteristics usually including education, income, occupation, and social status (Baker, 2006). Consumers’ behaviour tends to be influenced by the values of social classes, when consumers are divided into one of social classes (Palmer, 2004). In general, social classes consist of three groups including upper class, middle class, and lower class. For example, if individuals identify with the â€Å"upper class†, they prefer to purchase products that differ from universal goods such as luxury necklaces, and advanced cars. Another aspect of social influences is lifestyle that is a way of living of people or families. For example, how people plan leisure time, which interesting products people prefer to purchase. In consumption activities, through analyzing people’s lifestyles, marketers probably know which groups of people tend to be their targets, hence they can design a suitable marketing mix for their targets. 1.3 The buying decision process The above paragraphs introduce influential factors that affect consumers’ decision making. For better understanding consumer behaviour, the process of buying decision is divided into five steps (Hollensen, 2003). The first step tends to be problem identification. According to Hollensen (2003), the differences between current situation and desired situation motivate consumers to seek and purchase products that probably bring satisfaction in order to balance the current condition with the desire. The second step is information search. Consumers gain information from past experiences and long memories stored in mind. In addition, Hollensen (2003) states that memory seeks information from three sources including personal sources, commercial sources, and public sources. The commercial sources are information disseminated by marketers and dealers. Thus, marketers tend to take use of this source in order to make consumer remember and store their brand name in long memory. The third step is evaluation of alternative. In this step, Hollensen (2003) points out that consumers tend to evaluate products from four attributes including cost attributes, performance attributes, social attributes, and availability attributes. Fourthly, Palmer (2004) points out that the purchase decision is made by DMU (Decision Making Unit). This DMU consists of influencers, gatekeepers, buyers, users, and decision makers. Finally, the post-purchase evaluation stage tends to result in satisfaction and dissatisfaction. Also, in this stage, Palmer (2004) states that consumers tend to develop brand loyalty if they obtain satisfaction about their decision-making. Thus, marketers play an active role in developing customer’s brand loyalty. For example, marketers can provide all-weather after-sales services for customers with a view to assure later usage with satisfaction. 2. The Effects of Three Forms of Consumer Behaviour on Established and New Companies 2.1 Brand loyalty It seems that attitudes of consumers tend to build customer loyalty on the certain brand. Evans et al (2006) seem to support this view and point out that consumers’ attitude of one product is significantly different from their attitude of another product, and this attitude can contribute towards loyalty. Indeed, brand loyalty is a competitive marketing strategy for companies especially for established companies. According to Evans et al (2006), loyalty can result in a great number of advantages such as reduction in marketing budgets, expanding market share, and extension of existing brands. For example, in the UK, Tesco is an outstanding retailer. Relying on the success in the UK, Tesco not only extents its career from the retailer to the food manufacture and the clothing manufacture, but also expands its market to China, Korea, and also Thailand. Reichheld (1996) also reports that the longer time a customer is loyal to a company, the much more benefits the company obtains as consumers tend to purchase more products in that company. Furthermore, customers tend to neglect prices of the product in certain industries, so companies can double their profits. For example, the advent of Apple products has attracted many customers to purchase, and many customers has built their brand loyalty to Apple products no matter how high prices Apple products set. However, the brand loyalty of consumers tends not to be advantageous for new companies. Firstly, the new company should pay a considerable fund of marketing costs to publicize its product and brand name. Secondly, established companies already occupy large amounts of market share. Boush and Jones (2006) note that there are few appropriate positions for later entrants. Thus, it tends to be difficult to attract customers that have brand loyalty to a certain brand from competitors. For example, In spite of the fact that Carrefour is famous for its low price and high quality products, it exited from the South Korea eventually because it is a new company for Korea, failed to seize consumers from competitors. 2.2 Dynamic demands In terms of the dynamic demands of consumers, companies need update their products or services constantly because of the change of consumer demands, although Boush and Jones (2006) indicate that established companies already occupy large amounts of market share. Palmer (2004) proposes that established companies should reposition or extension their brand based on their growing strengths in order to meet the changeable needs of targets. From established companies aspects, Murphy (1998) argues that the extension of brand will has risks on diluting the existing brand. Then, Murphy (1998) provides a related example of Cadbury, a chocolate manufacture in Britain. The managers of Cadbury extended the Cadbury name to embrace non-chocolate products to attract new consumers with a view to reducing investments on developing a new brand such as mashed potatoes, dried milk, and beverages. Over the years, the managers of Cadbury realized this action not only diluted Cadbury’s reputation but also weakened its power in the chocolate area (ibid). Moreover, Andrew (1998) also observes that chances are limited to extent brands if the brand maintains its current product attributes. However, from new companies aspects, dynamic demands of consumers create opportunities for them. Joel and Michael (2010) cite a supporting example that Apple’s success due to the change in the mobile phone industry. Moreover, Hartman and Beck-Dudley (1999) provide empirical evidence to support that dynamic demands create opportunities for new companies. With the improvement of environmental awareness, current customers tend to purchase ecofriendly goods that have no detrimental effects on environment. The CEO of the body shop, Anita Roddick, realized this demand of consumers; therefore, in 1976, the first body shop opened and launched its brand with minimal package, natural products that have not been tested on animals. Based on these initiatives, the body shop became most successful company and remained one of the global brands till today in cosmetic industry (ibid). 2.3 New shopping channel: online With the rise of online shopping, internet has become a popular shopping platform. Today, shopping online tend to be a major shopping channel, compared with traditional shopping channel such as stores or shopping Hall. From established and new companies aspects, this condition has positive effects on them. Palmer (2004) gives supporting ideas that online marketing is not only less expensive to use, but also less time to communicate with consumersï ¼Å'compared with traditional marketing such as face-to-face marketing, and personal selling. The Oxford Associations astutely observes, that most companies receive over 50% reduction in transaction costs through the internet (ibid). Furthermore, internet help marketers improve conservation rate, and update rapidly after reviewing consumers’ feedback such as respond to demand change (ibid). Moreover, Baker (2006) seems to support this view and points out that online marketing can collect different requirements about products, and marketers can use these data to make customization for consumers. However, not only established companies, but also new companies should notice that the internet is not as a perfect platform for marketing. Palmer (2004) argues that challenges for companies are how to attract consumers when they face information overload because Millen (1994:303) reports that â€Å"individuals can process about seven chunks of information† at most. Chang and Wildt (1996) also indicate that price is becoming an important factor to choose products when consumer face large amounts of information. Thus, companies tend to use low-price strategy with a view to attracting consumers’ attention. The results of using this strategy lead to slight profit and enter in a vicious competition. Palmer (2004) also provides a related argument that the security of financial transaction and private information of consumers should be taken into consideration. Many consumers resist shopping online because they tend to have concerns over the safety of their transaction and private information. Thus, companies will probably lose these potential consumers. Additionally, Palmer (2004) also argues that consumers tend to lose confident to shopping online because they are unable to fell goods physically before purchase. For example, when shopping onlineï ¼Å'one consumer is attracted by a product with light red packaging; nevertheless, after receiving the product, the consumer is frustrating about the product because the colour is not same as showing online. After this shopping experience, this consumer tends not to purchase products in that brand. Thus, it seems that the company tend to lose this potential consumer because of the terrible experience by chance. This subsection discusses the effect of three forms of consumer behaviour on established and new companies. In the following subsection, the paper will focus on the future development of both types of companies. 3. Future Development Consumer behavior has become an essential factor to influence marketing strategies. To a certain extent, companies can derive benefits from consumer behaviour; however, it should be noticed that consumer behavior also tend to threaten companies. Thus, companies should adopt effective measures to avoid negative effects of consumer behavior with a view to future development. 3.1 Aspects of brand loyalty In terms of brand loyalty, new companies occupy an inferior position, compared with established companies. However, they can take advantage of marketing strategies to reserve this position. Firstly, they can fluctuate brand loyalty of consumers through changing consumers’ attitude because loyalty builds on the basis of attitudes. Evans, et al (2006:76) state, â€Å"Attitudes are essentially stable structures and are not easily modified†. However, Hovland and Weiss (1951) argue that attitude can be changed if consumers believe what experts say, as expert effects or star effects. For example, if Ming Yao, who is a popular basketball player in the world especially in China, endorse a nutrition brand, his opinion tends to be a strongly persuasive force that can change consumer attitude and make consumers establish a trust relationship with the brand. Moreover, if consumers are loyal to a certain brand, it shows that they are satisfied with it, and this brand loyalty is not easy to change. Thus, Murphy (1998) proposes that brand differentiation strategy is significant for new companies in terms of brand loyalty. Finally, low-price strategy plays a significant role in entering market for new companies, because Chang and Wildt (1996) indicate that price is one of important factors for consumers to choose product. After successfully attract consumers through low-price strategy, new companies can use other marketing mix such as promotion, and packaging to cultivate customer loyalty. However, With regard to price, it should be noticed that there should be a correspondence between the prices of a product and positioning. 3.2 Aspects of dynamic demands With regard to dynamic demands of consumers, established companies face a complex and multifaceted problem of reposition or extension with a view to retaining loyal customers and attracting new customers. Firstly, Andrew (1998) states that the core value of a brand is a significant basis for reposition or extension a brand. It seems that the reposition or extension of a brand tends to pose risks on diluting the existing brand if the company ignore the core value of the brand. The company of Cadbury mentioned in the second section is a good example. Furthermore, â€Å"the message/offering should be perceived and understood in the intended way† (Evans et al, 1996:51) by consumers. Thus, it is essential to communicating with current and potential customers when companies need reposition or extension of their brands. Finally, Gerstman (1998) indicates that packaging is an excellent starting point for established companies wishing to reposition or ext ension of their brands. 3.3 Aspects of online shopping channel With regards to disadvantages of shopping online, firstly, not only established companies, but also new companies should strengthen the security of finance transaction and privacy information and use of third-party platform of payment transaction that can improve the safety of online shopping such as paypal, alertpay in order to make consumers believe that their information is security when they shopping online. Secondly, in terms of information overload, Palmer (2004:513) proposes â€Å"Getting a high ranking in search engines has become a critical skill†. Finally, it seems that no practical approach tend to solve the problem that consumers cannot examine goods physically before purchase. However, the company can take pre-action in order to reduce dissatisfaction. For example, free samples can provide for potential customers to attempt. Conclusion Understanding consumer behavior is not only a necessary in the stage of attracting consumers, but also a process of sustainable development for companies. This paper supports consumer behavior having a significant effect on established and new companies, and this paper has presented three forms of consumer behavior. These included brand loyalty, dynamic demands, and online shopping channel. The discussion of consumer behaviour’ effects on two types companies have been highlighted. Moreover, factors affecting consumer behaviour are mentioned, including psychological factors, social factors, and buying process. Similarly, for future development, effective approaches have also been given in terms of aspects of brand loyalty, aspects of dynamic demands, and aspects of online shopping channel. In discussing effects of consumer behavior on companies, it may be concluded that established companies occupy dominant position in terms of brand loyalty, compared with new companies; from dynamic demands perspective, new companies reverse the inferior position, and get opportunities to develop and attract consumers from competitors; with regard to online shopping channel, established and new companies face same opportunities and threats. The future role of consumer behaviour has also been taken into consideration, based on research by Evans, et al (1996), and this suggests that consumer behaviour has become a basis to analysis market issues or future trend in market. It should be noted that this paper briefly discussed some effects of consumer behavior on companies and other effects is beyond of this paper and further work could be done in this area. This paper would be of particular interest to those companies who face a problem about consumer behavior.